The osteoarthritis of the hip joint is a serious pathology that develops in the hip joint as a result of nutrition and, following this, the destruction of the cartilage tissue and the immobility of the thigh.
With a healthy cartilage fabric of the joint, movement occurs easily and causes no drawbacks.If the cartilage is damaged by osteoarthritis, its surface is no longer smooth, it has a zabina, fossa which makes the normal flexion / extension of the joint difficult.The thigh becomes like the rusty curls of a garden door, at the opening of which a cry is heard and feels a tension when it moves.
The disease is dangerous insofar as with the beginning of premature treatment, healing is not only impossible, but the course of the disease leads to an additional immobility and articular loss.
Causes
What is this?Coksartrose is developing for many reasons, the main one is a sedentary lifestyle.Most often, athletes suffer from this disease due to significant charges that can injure the joint.Unfortunately, osteoarthritis is often inherited, a congenital dislocation in the inguinal region is possible.
The reasons provoking the development of coksartrosis of the hip joint:
- Pertes disease;
- fracture of the thigh neck;
- Make injury or microtraums in childhood;
- Excess weight, high load;
- drink alcohol;
- congenital diseases;
- increased levels of hormones (age -related changes);
- tissue inflammation;
- destruction of joint tissues;
- Take powerful drugs;
- stressful situations;
- infectious and inflammatory process;
- Pathological diseases of the thigh in the inguinal region.
Particular attention must be paid to the presence of injuries (microtraumais).They heal for a long time, which leads to the development of the disease for years.Most often, the disease begins to develop in people aged 40 and over.Inflammation begins with a hip joint, but if you do not take a timely treatment, the disease applies to other areas.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip joint
Coksartrose is most often developed in people over 40 years of age.It is progressively progressing and a person is worsening from year to year.If you do not treat the damaged joint, after a certain time, pathological changes can occur in another joint.
In global practice, it is recognized that osteoarthritis of the hip joint with three stages or stages of development.Each of them is characterized by their own symptoms.
1 degree of osteoarthritis of the hip joint
At this stage of the disease, a person feels pain only with and after a physical effort, the race or prolonged walking, while mainly the joint itself hurts, very rarely, the pain gives pain to the thigh or the knee.
In addition, at the same time, a person's approach is ordinary, chrome is not observed, hip muscles are not atrophied.During the diagnosis of images, bone growths are observed, which are located around the inside and exterior edge of the acetabulum, other pathological disorders of the neck and the head of the femur are not observed.
2 degree of osteoarthritis of the hip joint
With osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree of the hip joint, the symptoms become significant and the pain already acquires a more constant and intense nature, and at rest and when it moves, they give both in the groin and in the thigh, at the expense, the patient already drinks.There is also a restriction of the thigh, the volume of hip movements is reduced.
In the images, the narrowing of the gap becomes half of the standard, bone growths are on the outside and in the inside edge, the head of the hip head begins to increase, deform and move upwards, its edges become uneven.
3 degree of osteoarthritis of the hip joint
At this stage of the disease, the pain is constantly painful, day and night, the patient becomes difficult to move independently, so a cane or crutches is used, the volume of joint movement is very limited, the muscles of the lower leg, the hips and the buttocks are atrophies.
The leg is shortened and the person is forced to tilt the body while walking towards the sick leg.From the displacement of the center of severity, the load on the damaged joint has increased.In x -ray images, several bone growths are found, the head of the thigh expands and the joint gap is considerably narrowed.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on anamnesis data (identifying risk factors or causal diseases), clinical data and additional examination methods.
To clarify the diagnosis and make differential diagnostics, will help you:
- X -Ray hip joints;
- Articulations ultrasound;
- MRI or CT.
As a rule, to establish a precise diagnosis, a sufficiently clinical and radiological examination.On radiographs, specific changes characteristic of each stage of the disease are: narrowing of the joint deviation, presence of osteophytes, displacement and deformation of the femoral head, subchondral cysts and periarticular osteosclerosis, osteoporotic changes in the bones.Depending on the presence of these pathological changes and their severity, the degree and stage of the disease are established.
Treatment of hip joint osteoarthritis
In the first stage, osteoarthritis of the hip joint lends itself perfectly to conservative treatment.The primordial task is to relieve the pain, which prevents the patient from moving.
In the process of coxarthrosis therapy,:
- restoration of nutrition and blood circulation in muscles and cartilage;
- Physical activity on the damaged joint decreases;
- restoring damaged cartilage;
- activation of hidden reserves of the human body, which will contribute to tissue regeneration at the microcellular level;
- Increase in joint deviation;
- Restore the mobility of the joint.
During drug treatment, this category of patients, the following drugs are prescribed:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.They will help eliminate pain, eliminate trained edema and inflammation, however, their uncontrolled use will contribute to the abolition of the natural possibility of cartilage to restore.Doctors do not recommend using non -steroidal medication simultaneously;
- Relaxing muscles.Remove muscle cramps, increase blood supply in the joints, but their use should take place under the supervision of a doctor due to side effects;
- Expansion of ships.They are able to relax smooth muscles and increase the space between the muscles.Have a minimum of contraindications, but their effectiveness is an individual indicator;
- Steroid type.Help with concomitant diseases such as the presence of inflammation of the thigh bone, but has many side effects;
- Restore cartilage.Chondroprotectors are the most useful for healing to distort osteoarthritis.They feed the cartilage with the desired elements and stop the development of the disease;
- Local use.The main positive effect lies in the friction process of products in the skin, which relieves muscle cramps and helps improve blood circulation.
During conservative treatment, patients must adhere to the diet, specially designed for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint.The course of therapeutic therapy includes a therapeutic massage, which is shown to patients with 1 and 2 stages of osteoarthritis.
Endoprosthetics
The third stage of the disease only lends itself to surgical treatment.The patient is recommended to replace the joint or endoprosthetic.The surgeon cuts the head of the thigh bone, inserts a metal pin into the cut, on which he ties his artificial head.
The prosthesis itself is a single pole (replacing only the head) and total (replacing the two components).The next day after the operation, certain elements of the exercise therapy are performed in bed in bed, the patient can get up, but so far without support on the leg, after a few days on crutches.After 2-3 months, the crutches will not be necessary, a full load on the leg will be authorized.
Patients who have undergone endoprosthetic are recommended for rehabilitation, which includes physiotherapy exercises, massage development and physiotherapy.In most cases, the members' function is restored.The life of the prosthesis is 10 to 20 years, then it is replaced by a new one.
Gymnastics with osteoarthritis of the hip joint
Coksartrose control and prevention exercises must be carried out with care.The movement of exercise therapy should be smooth, does not cause pain.The LFK for the treatment of the disease should mainly aim for the strengthening of the muscles themselves and not loading the joints.A good way to prevent coksartrosis is swimming, especially in salt water.
- Starting position: Lie on the floor, stretch your arms and legs along the body.Slowly, lift the painful leg straightened in the knee joint 15 cm from the ground and hold it for about half a minute.After that, lower your leg and repeat the exercise with another foot;
- Starting position: Lie on your stomach, legs and arms that extend along the body.Lift the straight legs at 15 cm, do, then spread them on the sides.Everything must be done slowly.
The patient must remember that certain exercises with osteoarthritis of the hip joint of exercise therapy may be difficult for him because of his physical training.These are fairly effective methods for the prevention of various conditions, therefore, are included in the exercise therapy system with osteoarthritis and other diseases.
Folk remedies
In popular medicine, there are many successful methods of processing coxarthrosis:
- Taints and decoctions used inwards (there are many recipes for the preparation of folk drugs, which include garlic, lemons, mummy and various parts of plants, and honey, etc.);
- Ointments based on various natural components (celandin ointments, eucalyptus oil, aloe and other plants);
- Compens and baths (imposition of cabbage sheets, baths with the artichoke in Jerusalem and so on).
By applying all the folk remedies, it must be remembered that the guarantees of 100% recovery do not exist.
Prevention
Prevention measures are very important, especially if you had history of hip joint dysplasia, fractures, strong bruises or purulent processes in this area.
- Control of body weight (reduce the use of flour products, table salt, sweet, strong tea and coffee in the diet).Overweight, the risk of osteoarthritis in the hip joint increases.
- Exception of weight transfer, jumps (in particular from heights).Try not to be standing for a long time.
- If there are diseases associated with metabolism (diabetes, atherosclerosis), they must be offset.
- Dossed physical exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of hips and buttocks (cycling or cycling, swimming, therapeutic gymnastics).
Compliance with preventive measures, early detection of coxarthrosis and adequate treatment is the key to a positive prognosis in this disease.